Creating Vector Files for CNC Routing and Milling
Prepare artwork for CNC routers and milling machines. Learn toolpath considerations, file requirements, and best practices for wood, metal, and plastic CNC projects.
Graphics & Design Experts
Our team of experienced designers and developers specializes in vector graphics, image conversion, and digital design optimization. With over 10 years of combined experience in graphic design and web development.
CNC Routing: Vector Fundamentals
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) routers use vector paths to guide cutting tools through material. Understanding how these machines interpret your files is crucial for successful projects.
How CNC Machines Use Vectors
Toolpaths from Vectors
Your vector becomes a toolpath:
Vector Line → Machine Instructions
Line position = Tool center path
Closed shapes = Pocket or profile cuts
Open paths = Engrave or V-carve
Tool Compensation
Unlike laser cutters, CNC tools have significant width:
Common End Mill Sizes:
1/8" (3.175mm) - Detail work
1/4" (6.35mm) - General purpose
1/2" (12.7mm) - Fast material removal
3/4" (19mm) - Large panel work
Preparing Vectors for CNC
From Image to Vector
Starting with raster artwork:
Critical Considerations
Minimum Detail Size: Limited by smallest tool:
Path Direction:
File Format Requirements
Preferred Formats
| Software | Primary Format | Alternatives | |----------|---------------|--------------| | VCarve | DXF, SVG | AI, EPS | | Fusion 360 | DXF, SVG | STEP, IGES | | Carbide Create | SVG | DXF | | Easel | SVG | Direct design |
DXF Specifications
For maximum compatibility:
DXF Export Settings:
Version: R14 or 2004
Units: Match material units
Scale: 1:1
Polylines: Simplified
Splines: Convert to arcs
Design Considerations by Operation
Profile Cuts
Cutting shapes from material:
Pocket Operations
Removing material from enclosed area:
Pocket Settings:
Closed paths define boundary
Specify depth
Choose clearing strategy
Consider tool changes
V-Carving
Decorative carving with V-bits:
3D Carving
For dimensional work:
Material-Specific Guidelines
Wood
Wood Considerations:
Grain direction affects finish
Hardwoods need slower feeds
Account for wood movement
Minimum detail: 1/16" with small bit
Plastic/Acrylic
Plastic Considerations:
Heat management critical
Fast feeds, shallow passes
Climb cutting reduces melt
Polished edges possible
Aluminum
Aluminum Considerations:
Requires rigid setup
Use appropriate lubricant
Conservative feeds and speeds
Multiple light passes
Foam and Soft Materials
Foam Considerations:
Minimal tool pressure
High RPM, fast feed
Simple shapes best
Great for prototypes
Common CNC Projects
Signs and Lettering
Considerations:
Furniture Components
Design elements:
Inlays
Multi-material work:
Molds and Forms
Production tooling:
Workflow Best Practices
Design-to-Machine Workflow
Complete Workflow:
Concept sketch or image
Vectorize with Vectosolve
Import to CAD/CAM software
Set material and tools
Generate toolpaths
Simulate and verify
Post-process for machine
Run on CNC
Simulation Importance
Always simulate before cutting:
Optimization Strategies
Efficient Toolpaths
Reduce machine time:
Material Efficiency
Maximize material usage:
Tab and Bridge Strategies
Keeping Parts Secure
Tab Placement:
Minimum 2-4 per part
Avoid delicate areas
Consider removal method
Consistent size for batch
Tab Removal
Post-processing tabs:
Troubleshooting Common Issues
File Import Problems
Cut Quality Issues
Safety Considerations
Vector Design for Safety
Conclusion
Creating vectors for CNC routing requires understanding both the design software and machine capabilities. Start with clean vectors from Vectosolve, consider your tool sizes and material properties, and always simulate before cutting. With proper preparation, your CNC projects will run smoothly and produce professional results.